I asked my friend Pranada to help me out with some of the info for Hinduism, at least from her perspective. She’s a follower and devotee of Amma (Mātā Amritanandamayī Devi).
Renee: What exactly is Hinduism? What sect do you practice?
Pranada: You will get a different answer from everyone on this. Hinduism is a name that has been attached to what is more accurately referred to as Sanatana Dharma, or the Eternal Truth. In general, it affirms that all names and forms of God/Goddess are manifestations of the same One, that we have been born innumerable times and will continue through the cycle of birth and death until we attain full realization that we are not the individual self, but the limitless Whole.
I don’t practice Hinduism per se. I am a devotee of Amma, who does not describe Herself as Hindu either. She says, “My religion is love.” However, certainly She grew up in a Hindu context and the vast majority of Her devotees are Hindu. It is also very much within the Hindu tradition to have a Satguru to guide you to full realization.
It could be argued that I am a Shakta, a devotee of the Goddess. However, I am also somewhat Shaivite, a devotee of the god Shiva.
R:How do the rituals work (if you call them that)?
P: I think it is most accurately called puja. Check this link out for a better description of puja than I can come up with – http://amritapuja.org/what_is_puja.htm
In addition, regular spiritual practices are known as sadhana. Puja may make up part of sadhana, or it may not. My sadhana, when I am sticking to the plan (heh), involves two different meditations and the chanting of the Lalita Sahasranama (1000 names of the goddess Lalita). I do this sitting at my altar, where I light simple oil lamps and incense, and where I have numerous pictures of Amma as well as a Shivalingam (looks a little like this one – http://images.exoticindiaart.com/sculptures/shiva_linga_eh85sm.jpg).
R: Do you face any issues because you are a white practitioner?
P: I haven’t personally faced any discrimination, but some of my friends who are Western devotees of Amma have been made to feel unwelcome at other temples. Another friend of mine who officially converted to Hinduism when she married her Indian husband, years before she met Amma, was barred from a temple that was for Hindus only – they would not accept that she had converted.
It would likely be more difficult if I were practicing Hinduism per se instead of simply following my path with Amma. There are thousands of us Western devotees who come to the programs, who travel to India, who wear saris, dots on the forehead, etc. around Amma. It simply isn’t out of the ordinary in the circles in which I move.
R: Is there any food I should be avoid aside from beef and dairy?
P: The typical Hindu diet is lactovegetarian – in other words, dairy is fine, but eggs aren’t. If you feel the need for meat, then typically that would be chicken, fish or lamb. Definitely not beef, as the cow is revered. Also, some people will avoid onion and garlic.
R: What can you recommend for someone like me to do on Diwali?
P: I don’t actually do much for Diwali myself. At satsangs, we light some extra lights and share some sweets. Whatever you decide to do, think of the external as symbolic of the internal. To worship Ganesha is to invoke the kind, readily-accessible force that clears obstacles. To worship Lakshmi is to invoke the Divine Feminine who showers blessings of abundance. To worship Saraswati is to invoke the Divine Feminine who governs knowledge, speech, language and music. When you light lamps, feel that the light is being lit within as well, clearing away all darkness. If you get some sweets, offer them first to Ganesha, Lakshmi and Saraswati as a symbol of you offering your sweetest, best self to the Divine for His/Her enjoyment and blessing. Then eat them gratefully, mindfully and slowly as though the Divine were feeding you.
R: Thanks so much for taking the time to answer my questions!
***
Tonight is Diwali. I spent last night making homemade apple crisp to give to family and co-workers, and we celebrated by listening to Hindu and Kirtana music all day at work. I came home, made curry and bread pudding, and lit some candles and incense. I said some prayers and mantras to both Ganesha and Lakshmi. I offered apples, sugar, and honey (in following with offering the sweetest parts of myself to the divine).
Here are a few pictures of the altars I chose to light:

My main altar to Lakshmi and Ganesha.

Pets past and present

My air altar